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''Cistus ladanifer'' is a species of flowering plant in the family Cistaceae. It is native to the western Mediterranean region. Common names include gum rockrose, laudanum,〔 labdanum,〔 common gum cistus,〔 and brown-eyed rockrose. It is a shrub growing tall and wide. The leaves are evergreen, lanceolate, 3–10 cm long and 1–2 cm broad, dark green above and paler underneath. The flowers are 5–8 cm diameter, with 5 papery white petals, usually with a red to maroon spot at the base, surrounding the yellow stamens and pistils. The whole plant is covered with the sticky exudate of fragrant resin, the source of labdanum, used in herbal medicine and perfumery. ''C. ladanifer'' is particularly well suited to the Continentalized Mediterranean climate, standing both long summer droughts and cold weather. It is an extremely aggressive plant which has taken over much of former farmland and grasslands in the mountain regions of central Spain and much of southern Portugal. In Spanish it is known as ''Jara pringosa'' meaning "sticky shrub". In Portuguese it is known as "esteva". It has been found to have mycorrhizal associations with ''Boletus edulis'', ''Boletus rhodoxanthus'', and ''Laccaria laccata''. ==Systematics and phylogeography== ''C. ladanifer'' is placed within the ''C. salvifolius'' group within white and whitish pink flowered clade of ''Cistus'' species.〔Guzman, B., M. D. Lledo, and P. Vargas. 2009. Adaptive Radiation in Mediterranean ''Cistus'' (Cistaceae). PLoS ONE 4:e6362.〕 The wide distribution and morphological variation of ''C. ladanifer'' across northern Africa, the Iberian peninsula, and southern France has resulted in the recognition of three sub-species: subspp. ''ladanifer'', ''sulcatus'', and ''africanus''. Phylogenetic and divergence dating methods found that ''C. ladanifer'' diverged during the Pleistocene, long after the opening of the Strait of Gibraltar around 5 mya, which supports a hypothesis of dispersal for this species.〔Guzmán, B. and P. Vargas. 2009. Long-distance colonization of the Western Mediterranean by ''Cistus ladanifer'' (Cistaceae) despite the absence of special dispersal mechanisms. Journal of Biogeography 36:954-968.〕 Although its seeds fall close to the maternal plant,〔Bastida, F. and S. Talavera. 2002. Temporal and spatial patterns of seed dispersal in two Cistus species (Cistaceae). Annals of Botany 89:427-434.〕 ''C. ladanifer'' may have successfully dispersed due to its preference for disturbed habitats. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Cistus ladanifer」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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